Menopause: What to Know About Symptoms and Support
July 21, 2026
Menopause is a normal part of life for people with female reproductive organs. It occurs when the ovaries produce less estrogen and menstrual periods end, usually in the late 40s or early 50s. Menopause may happen earlier because of certain medical conditions, medications, or surgery to remove the ovaries.
If you do not have periods because of birth control, a hysterectomy, or another surgery, your symptoms can help you and your provider understand where you may be in the menopause transition.
What is perimenopause?
Perimenopause is the time leading up to menopause. During this stage, hormone levels may change more than your body expects, similar to puberty. Periods may become shorter, longer, lighter, heavier, or less frequent. For many people, this is the most symptomatic phase and may begin months or years before menopause.
What are some symptoms of menopause?
Symptoms vary and may include:
Hot flashes or night sweats
Irregular periods
Trouble sleeping
Mood changes, anxiety or irritability
Changes in sexual desire
Vaginal dryness or discomfort
Bladder control issues
Heart palpitations
Joint pain
Brain fog or forgetfulness
Weight changes
Hair thinning
Dry skin, eyes or mouth
How long does menopause last?
After 12 consecutive months without a period, you are considered postmenopausal. Some symptoms may continue for years.
After menopause, it is important to support heart health, strength and bone density. Hormonal changes and natural aging can contribute to bone and muscle loss and increase the risk of heart disease.
Menopause Treatment and Care Options
Treatment depends on your health, symptoms and goals. Lifestyle changes, nonhormonal medications and supportive therapies may help. For many patients, hormone replacement therapy (or HRT), also called menopausal hormone therapy, can safely and effectively reduce moderate to severe symptoms.
How can Presbyterian help?
Presbyterian providers with menopause training, including women’s health and primary care providers, can explain treatment benefits and risks and create a personalized care plan. Our menopause care team includes a board-certified OB/GYN physician, physician assistants and certified nurse practitioners with specialized training and certification.
Learn more at phs.org/doctors-services/womens-health/menopause-services.
Clinical information provided by Bethany Kolb, MD, MBA, FACOG, MSCP, Presbyterian Menopause Services.
