Flu Symptoms, Prevention, and When to Get Care

July 30, 2026

As flu season approaches, it's important to know how to recognize the flu, protect yourself, and know when to seek medical care. While many respiratory illnesses share similar symptoms, understanding the differences can help you make informed decisions for yourself and your family.

What Is the Flu?

The flu (or influenza) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It often comes on suddenly and can make you feel much sicker than a common cold. Most people recover within a week or two, but the flu can lead to serious complications, especially for young children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with certain chronic health conditions.

What Are the Symptoms of the Flu?

Common flu symptoms include:

• Fever or chills

• Cough

• Sore throat

• Runny or stuffy nose

• Muscle or body aches

• Headache

• Fatigue

• Sometimes vomiting or diarrhea, especially in children

How Is the Flu Different from COVID-19?

The flu and COVID-19 are both respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses. Their symptoms can be very similar, making it difficult to tell them apart based on symptoms alone. COVID-19 may be more likely to cause changes in taste or smell and can remain contagious for longer. If you're unsure which illness you have, testing can help guide the right treatment and protect those around you.

How Can You Help Prevent the Flu?

The best way to reduce your risk is to get your annual flu vaccine. You can also help prevent illness by:

• Washing your hands often

• Covering coughs and sneezes

• Staying home when you're sick

• Cleaning frequently touched surfaces

• Maintaining healthy habits like getting enough sleep, eating well, and staying active

What Should You Do If You Have Flu Symptoms?

If you develop flu symptoms, rest, drink plenty of fluids, and monitor how you're feeling. Most people can recover at home, but contact your healthcare provider if symptoms are severe, you're at higher risk for complications, or you're not improving. Antiviral medications may help if started within the first couple of days of illness.

If you're experiencing difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, persistent high fever, or signs of dehydration, seek medical care right away.

Clinical information provided by Jessie Crumley, DrPH, MPH, RN, Director of Infection Prevention and Control for Presbyterian Healthcare.